Crossed fused renal ectopia is a rare congenital malformation, which is reported to be usually asymptomatic but may have varied presentations. Most commonly, the kidney is located in a pelvic position, although iliac, abdominal, and thoracic locations have been reported. Our patient is a 16yearold adolescent male, previously fit and healthy, who presented with acute onset of abdominal pain. Ectopic kidney describes a kidney placed outside the normal renal fossa. Our patient is a 16yearold adolescent male, previously fit and healthy, who presented with acute onset of. Five cases of crossed ectopic kidneys are presented, four in males and one in female, four fused and one unfused. Ectopic kidney renal ectopia causes, symptoms, diagnosis. Renal ectopia definition of renal ectopia by medical.
The hypothesis of a genetic mechanism for renal dysmorphogenesis could be tested by banking autopsy tissue and analyzing the messenger ribonucleic acid. Both kidneys are located on the same side of the body. The cat started with diarrhoea 4 days before it had been presented to the referring veterinarian, and since 2 days, the owner did not observe any defaecation. Crossed renal ectopia with fusion and multiple renal calculi managed with. Urological and nephrological findings of renal ectopia. Is a complete urological evaluation necessary in all newborns. Ectopias of the kidney, urinary tract organs, and male. Capsules or coverings of kidneys fibrous capsule, perirenal fat, renal fascia and pararenal fat 8.
Ectopic kidney is a birth defect in which a kidney is located at an abnormal location. The estimated incidence is around 1 out of births 1. Crossed fused renal ectopia refers to an anomaly where the kidneys are fused and located on the same side of the midline. Simple ectopic kidney was diagnosed in three dogs by means of radiography and ultrasonography. A 3yearold neutered, female, domestic shorthair cat was presented to the emergency service with suspicion of an intestinal intussusception germany, date not given. The impact of renal fusion and ectopia on aortic surgery. Crossed renal ectopia has been commonly described as four different variants, including bilateral crossed renal ectopia, sshaped kidney, lshaped kidney, and disc kidney 3. An ectopic kidney, also known as renal ectopia, is a congenital renal anomaly characterized by the abnormal location of one or both of the kidneys. As the kidney ascends, the kidney obtains its blood supply from nearby vessels. Nov 16, 2018 the most frequent anomaly of the urogenital tract is a simple renal ectopia with one organ lying in the pelvis. Crossed renal ectopia is the location of the kidney on the contralateral side in respect to the ureteral orfice location in the bladder. Crossed renal ectopia was first described by pannorlus in 196410 and refer to.
Crossed renal ectopia refers to a kidney that has crossed from its side, to the other side. Simple renal ectopia refers to a kidney that is located on the proper side but is in an abnormal position. Herein, we present an atypical cfre case whose renal anatomy does not exactly match any of the already defined cfre types. The most common position is in the pelvis opposite the sacrum and below the aortic bifurcation. The simple ectopia presents a kidney ectopic on its own side.
Although observed in humans and cats, ectopia lentis is most commonly seen in dogs. A, diagram, aortogram, and excretory pyelogram show the anatomy. Each kidney is 11 cm 45 long, 6 cm 23 broad and 3 cm 1 thick, weight 150 g in males and 5 g in females. We report an unusual presentation of a case of crossed renal ectopia without fusion. Is a complete urological evaluation necessary in all.
Pdf on feb 29, 2016, ramesh babu and others published simple renal ectopia find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Renal ectopia was diagnosed in 41 cases, of which 26 63% were simple renal ectopia, ie unilateral pelvic kidney. It results from the kidney failing to ascend from its origin in the true pelvis or from a superiorly ascended kidney located in the thorax. In many cases, the two kidneys are fused together, yet retain their own vessels and ureters. In 32% of patients the diagnosis was made during prenatal screening. Vesicoureteral reflux was demonstrated in the three children in whom cystography was. Of the 84 patients surveyed 35 had unilateral simple renal ectopia sre, 1 had bilateral sre. Simple renal ectopia is the abnormal position of the kidney outside of the renal fossa in cranial or caudal direction. In this patient, due to the crossed renal ectopia, the course of the ureter was unclear. Often, the crossed kidney is fused with the uncrossed kidney, from the online textbook of urology by d.
Crossed renal ectopia, on the other hand, refers to a kidney that has crossed from left to right or viceversa and was first described by pamarolus in 1964 2,3. Ectopia lentis is a displacement or malposition of the eyes crystalline lens from its normal location. Crossed renal ectopia is a less common condition in which the ectopic kidney is located on the opposite side of the midline from the ureteral insertion in the urinary bladder. Crossed renal ectopia refers to a kidney that has crossed from the left to the right side or vice versa so that both kidneys are located on the same side of the body. This survey was conducted to study the clinical profile and the challenges posed in the management of this entity. Crossed fused renal ectopia radiology reference article. These cases are distinguished by a relative lack of symptoms, in association with a large abdominal mass, preserva tion of normal renal function despite extreme dis placement, and the ability of intraabdominal. Renal ectopia re describes a kidney that lies outside the renal fossa. Both of the kidneys are ectopic with the crossed ectopic right kidney lying superiorly and fused to the. Since these pathologies are frequently asymptomatic, the diagnosis is most commonly madeafter a routine imaging studies due to other causes or when recurrent uti or urinary obstruction are associated. Other rare forms of crossed renal ectopic include crossed unfused renal ectopia and bilateral crossed renal ectopia. This anomaly is commonly associated with continuous or intermittent urinary incontinence. Renal migration and fusion anomalies result in renal ectopia and renal fusion anomalies, respectively. Jun 24, 2016 simple renal ectopia refers to a kidney that is located on the proper side but is in an abnormal position.
Crossed fused renal ectopia with renal calculus and gross hydronephrosis a case report author. Crossed renal ectopia without fusionan unusual cause of. In simple ectopic kidney, ureter and vesicoureteral junction remain in the ipsilateral retroperitoneal space but in cross ectopic kidney, kidney is located on the opposite site and the related ureter crosses the midline. October 1988 impact of renal fusion and ectopia on aortic surgery 379 a ij fig. Apr 04, 2017 ectopic kidney describes a kidney placed outside the normal renal fossa. Ectopic kidney is a congenital defect that results due to improper positioning of the kidney during fetal development. Crossed renal ectopia with fusion in a female feline. An example of patient with lshaped crossed ectopia and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Renal ectopia synonyms, renal ectopia pronunciation, renal ectopia translation, english dictionary definition of renal ectopia. A 2yearold castrated male schnauzer, a yearold female schnauzer and a 9yearold male jindo. Urological malformations and accompanying anomalies were observed in most of our cases. They also described median fusion type with four subtypes as horseshoe kidney, lshaped kidney, cake kidney and sigmoid kidney.
The cause of both types of renal ectopia is the arrest or failure of the kidney ascent from the pelvic. Crossed renal ectopia is one of the rarest congenital malformations where a kidney is located on the side. The ureter of the lower kidney crosses the midline to enter the bladder on the contralateral side. Renal ectopia is caused by a disorder of renal ascension, genetic or teratogenic causes are probable due to frequent coexisting genital abnormalities.
A partial dislocation of a lens is termed lens subluxation or subluxated lens. As a result, ectopic kidneys have an anomalous blood. Ectopic kidney describes a kidney that is not located in its usual position. Ectopia renal cruzada con fusion y litiasis multiple, nefrectomia con. Simple renal ectopia refers to a kidney thats located on the proper side but in an abnormal position. Ramesh babu, associate professor of anatomy, muzaffarnagar medical college, n. Ectopia is the congenital malposition of one or both kidneys.
Simple renal ectopia refers to a kidney that is located on the proper side of the abdomen but is abnormal in position. Crossed renal ectopia refers to a kidney that has crossed from the left to the right side or vice versa so that both kidneys are located on the same side of. Laparoscopy in diagnosis and management of urinary incontinence caused by small ectopic dysplastic kidney. Beghrajpur industrial area, muzaffarnagar up india. Ureteral ectopia medigoo health medical tests and free. It may remain undetected in the absence of abdominal pain or urinary infection. Crossed renal ectopia is a rare congenital malformations where a kidney is located on the side opposite to side of its urethral insertion into the urinary bladder and is generally fused with the normally located ipsilateral kidney. The incidence of associated urological abnormalities in children with renal ectopia.
It can be a simple uncrossed ectopia in which one or both the kidneys are ectopic in position and in some cases a kidney is located. The patient was a 42yearold man with right cva dull pain. Crossed fused renal ectopia is a rare congenital anomaly of the urinary system where one kidney crosses over to opposite side and the parenchyma of the two kidneys fuse. Simple ectopia of the kidney in monozygotic twins sciencedirect. Mc donald and mc clellan classified the crossed renal ectopia into four types as crossed renal ectopia with. The kidney is separated from the pleural cavity by a thin membrane in continuity of the diaphragm. We report a case of simple ectopia of the kidney in monozygotic twins. At presentation, the cat was bright, alert and responsive. Crossed fused renal ectopia with renal calculus and gross. Jun 03, 2015 crossed renal ectopia sometimes a kidney crosses to the other side, resulting in crossed renal ectopia with or without fusion ectopic g. Renal ectopia definition of renal ectopia by the free. Crossed fused renal ectopia multidetector computed tomography study sharma v 1, ramesh babu c. Since these pathologies are frequently asymptomatic, the diagnosis is most commonly made after a routine imaging studies due to other causes or when recurrent uti or urinary obstruction are associated.
Abnormal development of these zonules can lead to primary ectopia lentis, usually a bilateral condition. Re refers to kidney that remains in the ipsilateral retroperitoneal space. The vasculature in one patient with crossed ectopia was normal as previously indicated and a completely occluded accessory renal artery could not be demonstrated. B, diagram and aor tograns show method of treatment. More than 90% of crossed renal ectopia results in fusion. Aug 27, 2016 capsules or coverings of kidneys fibrous capsule, perirenal fat, renal fascia and pararenal fat 8. The cause of both types of renal ectopia is the arrest or failure of the kidney ascent from the pelvic to. The accessory renal arteries were not obstructed in these patients and simple dilatation therapy avoided the problems of exposure and accessory renal artery reattachment. Crossed renal ectopia is a congenital anomaly which usually goes unnoticed as most cases are asymptomatic.
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