Corynebacterium glutamicum is most widely known for its role in the industrial. Allosteric regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase pepc controls the metabolic flux distribution of anaplerotic pathways. The enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid tca and glyoxylate cycles of corynebacterium glutamicum and in particular their regulation have been intensively studied in the past years. Specific engineering strategies with application of industrial biotechnology will be discussed in more detail in other chapters of this book. Aside from modern omicsbased approaches, the authors also focus on cell physiology, including cell division, central carbon metabolic pathways, and the respiratory chain. Based on rational protein design, six pepc mutants were designed, and all of them showed. Based on the knowledge of the biochemical pathways microbial fermentation processes of food, feed and pharma amino acids have been developed. A suitable reporter strain was transformed with a pyc gene library. Corynebacterium glutamicum previously known as micrococcus glutamicus is a grampositive, rodshaped bacterium that is used industrially for largescale production of amino acids. In particular lglutamate and llysine are produced at a million tonscale with this bacterium, but engineered strains for the production of other proteinogenic amino acids are also available 16, 17. Indeed, several production processes for amino acids and related compounds had already been. Cysteine synthase a overexpression in corynebacterium. Biology and biotechnology microbiology monographs ed 2 english isbn. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2018, 102 9, 39153937.
Emerging corynebacterium glutamicum systems biology envis. This updated second edition covers the molecular biology, genome engineering tools and comprehensive analysis techniques for corynebacterium glutamicum. Due to its importance as an amino acid producer, c. Glycerol as a substrate for aerobic succinate production. Production of 2ketoisocaproate with corynebacterium. In this study, we applied the industrial workhorse corynebacterium glutamicum, which has a long tradition in biotechnological production of amino acids but is also exploited for the biosynthesis of organic acids, alcohols and specialty chemicals liebl, 2005. Overexpression of mycothiol disulfide reductase enhances.
Mycolic acid ma plays important role in corynebacterium glutamicum, but the key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of ma in c. The actinobacterium corynebacterium glutamicum, an industrial workhorse article pdf available in journal of microbiology and biotechnology 265 february 2016 with 1,738 reads. Previous studies of the effect of gradients in scale. Leading corynebacteria experts provide a description of the current stateoftheart molecular biology toolbox available for corynebacterium research, including global analyses techniques such as comparative genomics, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome analysis as well as the most recent knowledge on corynebacterium promoter structures and vector systems. Emerging corynebacterium glutamicum systems biology. Corynebacterium glutamicum is the major host for biotechnological production of amino acids, the most important ones being the flavor enhancer lglutamate and the feed additive llysine. Glutamate production is accompanied by decreased 2oxoglutatate dehydrogenase activity. Download corynebacterium glutamicum biology and biotechnology. Production strains of corynebacterium glutamicum, which has been used safely for more than 50 years in food biotechnology, and escherichia coli are constantly improved using metabolic engineering approaches. Journal of biotechnology 124 2006 7492 emerging corynebacterium glutamicum systems biology volker f.
Corynebacterium glutamicum an overview sciencedirect. Importance of nadph supply for improved lvaline formation in corynebacterium glutamicum. The iron deficiency response of corynebacterium glutamicum. Deregulation of feedback inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate. Largescale engineering of the corynebacterium glutamicum genome. Pyruvate carboxylase variants enabling improved lysine. Based on the originally developed technology, represented by the rite bioprocess, we are working on the production of valuable chemicals from biomass, detoxification of. A new era in corynebacterium glutamicum biotechnology. In this work, the corresponding strains were transformed with plasmid pvwex1.
Walter keller, in progress in molecular biology and translational science, 2011. Overexpression of mtr promotes resistance to oxidants, alkylating agents, bactericidal antibiotics, and heavy metals. Corynebacterium glutamicum wikipedia, a enciclopedia libre. Metabolic engineering of escherichia coli, corynebacterium glutamicum, pseudomonas, bacillus and yeast strains for access to alternative. In this study, cysk was overexpressed in corynebacterium glutamicum iwj001, an l. Recently, we created a library of 26 genomereduced strains of corynebacterium glutamicum carrying broad deletions in single gene clusters and showing wildtypelike biological fitness. Pdf the actinobacterium corynebacterium glutamicum, an. Cell division mechanism of corynebacterium glutamicum, publisher. Slayers also occur on the biotechnologically relevant corynebacterium glutamicum.
The discovery of corynebacterium glutamicum during a search initiative for glutamate. Stephan noack, institute of bio and geosciences, ibg1. Corynebacterium glutamicum juser forschungszentrum julich. Corynebacterium glutamicum biology and biotechnology nami. Industrial production of amino acid, a key sector of white biotechnology, is the classical field of application of corynebacterium glutamicum. During the half century following its discovery, the lglutamateproducing microorganism corynebacterium glutamicum has played a leading role in the amino acid fermentation industry.
Nearly all tca and glyoxylate cycle genes are subject to growth phase or carbon sourcedependent transcriptional regulation. Corynebacterium glutamicum biology and biotechnology. Corynebacterium glutamicum rite molecular microbiology. Ellipses represent enzymes and transport systems present in c. Pyruvate carboxylase is an anaplerotic carbon dioxidefixing enzyme replenishing the tricarboxylic acid cycle with oxaloacetate during growth on sugars. Evolutionary engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum. Corynebacterium glutamicum rite molecular microbiology and biotechnology group is seeking solutions in tackling the environmental problems by taking advantages of the useful bioconversion capability of microorganisms. Tca cycle and glyoxylate shunt of corynebacterium glutamicum. Engineering a lysineon riboswitch for metabolic control. Wendisch a michael bott a jorn kalinowski c marco oldiges b wolfgang wiechert d. Its microbial factory qualities, such as its physiological plasticity and robust catalytic functionalities, have since facilitated the development of efficient production processes. Metabolic engineering in corynebacterium glutamicum.
Targeted topdown strategies for genome reduction are considered to have a high potential for providing robust basic strains for synthetic biology and industrial biotechnology. Corynebacterium glutamicum is a wellstudied bacterium which naturally overproduces glutamate when induced by an elicitor. They are bacilli rodshaped, and in some phases of life they are, more particularly, clubshaped, which inspired the genus name coryneform means clubshaped they are widely distributed in nature in the microbiota of animals including the human. Store search search title, isbn and author handbook of corynebacterium glutamicum by lothar eggeling, michael bott estimated delivery 312 business days format hardcover condition brand new one of the most important organisms in biotechnology, corynebacterium glutamicum is currently used to produce 2 million tons of amino acids per year for a rapidly expanding market. Harnessing novel chromosomal integration loci to utilize. Unfortunately, consistent with reports that mtr is an essential gene in m. In this study, we applied a lysine biosensor to identify pyruvate carboxylase variants in corynebacterium glutamicum that enable improved llysine production from glucose. Packed with practical information and stateoftheart science, this concise volume is an essential handbook for everyone working with corynebacterium and related organisms in academia, biotechnology companies, and the pharmaceutical industry, it is a recommended volume for all microbiology libraries. Your print orders will be fulfilled, even in these challenging times. Building and testing a novel platform host for synthetic biology and industrial biotechnology. Corynebacterium glutamicum was discovered in japan in 1956 as a natural glutamate producer. Indeed, several production processes for amino acids and related compounds had. During growth in glucose minimal medium, iron limitation caused a shift from lactate to pyruvate as the major secreted organic acid complemented by lalanine and 2oxoglutarate.
The flexible feedstock concept in industrial biotechnology. Despite being grampositive, the organization of the cell envelope resembles that of gramnegative bacteria. The response to iron limitation of the grampositive soil bacterium corynebacterium glutamicum was analyzed with respect to secreted metabolites, the transcriptome, and the proteome. Cysteine synthase a cysk catalyzes the last reaction of l. The grampositive prokaryote corynebacterium glutamicum has a long standing history in the industrial production of amino acids 14, 15. Corynebacterium glutamicum, an established microbial cell factory for the biotechnological production of amino acids, was recently genetically engineered for aerobic succinate production from glucose in minimal medium. While originally identified in a screen for organisms secreting lglutamate, mutants of c. Metabolic engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum for fermentative production of chemicals in biorefinery. Its microbial factory qualities, such as its physiological plasticity and robust catalytic functionalities, have since facilitated the development of efficient production processes for amino acids, nucleotides and vitamins.
Corynebacterium glutamicumstrain development has adopted each metabolic engineering tool immediately upon its conception and has contributed to developing these tools further. Corynebacterium glutamicum biology and biotechnology, edition. Synthetic biology approaches to access renewable carbon source utilization in corynebacterium glutamicum nannan zhao, ling qian, guangjuan luo, suiping zheng applied microbiology and biotechnology 2018 102 22, 95179529. Updates on industrial production of amino acids using. Among strains of corynebacterium glutamicum, bacteria widely used for the industrial production of amino acids. Corynebacterium glutamicum as platform for the production.
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